Rizwan Ullah*, Mehreen Shafiq, Mujaddad Ur Rehman, Ibrar Khan, Azam Hayat, Iqra Jehangir
Amoebiasis also called amoebic dysentery, first described by Fedor A. Lösch in 1875, caused by Entamoeba histolytic has great clinical impotence and is of public health significance. Histolytica has a simple life cycle involving the infective cyst that ingested through contaminated food and water and vegetative trophozoite. The pathogenesis of Entamoeba histolytica have different events like cell death, inflammation, and invasion which are performed with the help of different molecules like lectin, Amoeba pores and cysteine protease, etc. 80-90% of people infected with Entamoeba histolytica are asymptomatic (intraluminal amoebiasis) and remaining to develop manifestation like amoebic colitis, toxic megacolon, ulceration, ameboma and another extraintestinal amebiasis like amoebic liver abscess, pulmonary, cardiac and cerebral abscesses if trophozoite reaches haematogenous to these sites. The global burden caused by amebiasis is widespread. Worldwide 50 million people are affected by this disease and 100000 deaths are reported annually. The highest burden of amebiasis is in developing countries, particularly in the tropics and subtropics, where there is inadequate hygiene and access to sanitation. Microscopy, serological and molecular methods can use for diagnosis. Pharmacological therapy and surgical intervention are recommended. As there is no effective vaccine, prevention emphasizes on sanitation and access to clean drinking water.
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