Zeyad J Yasseen and Maher O El-Ghossain
The study on the interaction of human serum albumin (HSA) with three widely used drugs (diclofenac sodium (DIC), furosemide (FUR) and dexamethasone phosphate (DEX)) was investigated by fluorescence method. Fluorescence emission spectra of HSA in presence of the studied drugs was recorded at excitation wavelength 278 nm and showed that the studied drugs act as quenchers. A decrease in fluorescence emission at 340 nm was attributed to changes in environment of the
protein fluorophore caused due to presence of the ligand. The modified Stern–Volmer equation was used as a mathematical model to calculate the binding constants between the drug and HSA. The binding constants for the studied drugs with HSA were found inversely related with temperature. The thermodynamic parameters, the changes of standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy change (DH°) and entropy change (DS°) for the drug-HSA interaction were calculated according to van't Hoff equation. Among the thermodynamic parameters, the values of ΔG° were: -25.83, -25.29 and -25.09 kJ/mol for the drugs DIC, FUR and DEX, respectively, and the values of ΔH° and ΔS° were negative suggested that the hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces were the predominant intermolecular forces in stabilizing the drug-HSA complex formed. The effect of pH on the binding of the studied drugs to human serum albumin in phosphate buffer solutions (pH 6.0-8.0) has been investigated in this study.
The results showed that the binding of each studied drug was decreased with pH studied and the results were attributed according to the ionic forms of both protein and drug in the pH range studied.
Finally, the distances between the donor (HSA) and the acceptor (drug) were estimated to be 2.98, 3.52 and 5.30 nm for the drugs DIC, FUR and DEX, respectively, based on Förster’s resonance energy transfer theory (FRET).
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