Nosratollah Zarghamia
There are many different topics covered in biotechnology research. Major themes of biotechnology research are outlined in the scopes of the journals Current Research in Biotechnology and Current Opinion in Biotechnology. These themes include genetic and molecular engineering, tissue, cell, and pathway engineering, plant and animal biotechnology, food biotechnology, energy biotechnology, environmental biotechnology, analytical biotechnology, systems biology Nano biotechnology, chemical biotechnology, and pharmaceutical and medicinal biotechnology. Karl Erkey, a Hungarian agricultural economist and engineer, is credited with coining the word "biotechnology" exactly 100 years ago. When translated into English, Karl Erkey's definition of biotechnology is all the fields of endeavour that use living organisms to make goods from raw materials. An intergovernmental economic organisation having 36 member nations is the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. The use of cellular and molecular processes to address issues or create products; modern biotechnology refers to the application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing of materials by biological agents to produce goods and services. Beginning in the middle of the 1980s, the term "biotechnology" became widely used in research papers' titles.
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