Jordan Gonzalo Llerena Velasteguí*, Andrés Sebastián Velasteguí Zurita, Ana Cristina Terán López, Fernan Andrés Torres Hernández, Laura Isabel Neuta Gil, Juan Carlos Canchila García, Vanessa Paola Tapia Salamanca and María José Ferrer Ayola
Background: When there is a glomerular filtration rate lower than ml/min/160.73mt2, it is considered that there is chronic kidney disease; it must persist for 3 months or more regardless of the cause. Depending on the geographical location and the environment where the person is, the cause of this pathology will vary. The prevalence of CKD is around 10% to 14% in the general population. Renal osteodystrophy is a broad term that incorporates all biochemical abnormalities and skeletal manifestations in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease. Methodology: A narrative review was carried out through various databases from January to2002 February 2022; the search and selection of articles was carried out in journals indexed in English. The following keywords were used: Chronic renal failure, renal osteodystrophy, skeletal lesions, and terminal renal failure. Results: Chronic kidney disease leads to a variety of systemic complications that endanger human health. One of the main complications presented by this pathology is renal osteodystrophy, which leads to skeletal and extra skeletal manifestations. Within the histopathological findings of osteodystrophy we can find states of high bone turnover such as osteitis fibrosa and hyperparathyroidism and states of low bone turnover, such as dynamics bone disease or heavy metal- induced osteomalacia. Osteitis fibrosa is considered the predominant histological bone pattern for the development of renal osteodystrophy. Conclusions: This review offers updated and detailed information on the important components of renal osteodystrophy, which pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed between the association between skeletal lesions and chronic kidney disease, and the pathways of formation of secondary hyperparathyroidism as the cause of osteodystrophies.
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